Voting logic is a decision-making mechanism used in SIS to determine if a system should initiate a safety response based on inputs from multiple sensors or detectors, logic solvers and final control elements. It is a critical feature in designing systems that achieve high levels of safety integrity while maintaining operational continuity, though it is […]

A plain description to pre-startup safety review (PSSR) and a simplified one would be a final check prior to initiating the use of process facilities. It is the final step to make sure of the efficacy and safety prior to bringing a new or updated process online ref [1]. You would check the brakes, radiator […]

A Flame Arrester is a passive device that prevents the transmission of a flame through a flammable gas-air mixture by quenching the flame on the surfaces of an array of small passages through which the flame must pass. Flame arrestment is achieved by a permeable barrier, usually consisting of metallic filter discs containing narrow channels, […]

Transformers are of the key equipment used for electrical power transmission and distribution. Hardly, ever could anyone find an industrial facility which does not take benefit from a form of this equipment. As essential and practical transformers are, they may pose significant risks to the facility and may need special safety considerations. In this article […]

In the domain of LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) plants, fire safety is of utmost importance. To ensure the protection of personnel, equipment, and the environment, it is crucial to implement robust firefighting systems. This article will dive into the suggested firefighting systems for LPG facilities, as outlined by industry standards such as NFPA 11, API […]

Check or non-return valves are a main item in process engineer’s design tool box to conquer reverse flow where this unfavorable deviation deems probable. Protection of sensitive equipment against possible damage or contamination, holding of the fluid in the system, prevention of crossover flow in systems with unequal line pressures and ensuring unidirectional flow in […]

The world we live in, consists of multitudinous dynamic principles and phenomena which are simplified into solid frameworks and steady occurrences for the purpose of easier perception. Behavior of a moving object is well described through Newton’s laws of motion at a certain domain; though, the moment one escapes this domain, at speeds of magnitude […]

As a technical safety expert, there must have been times when you are asked to review instrument data sheets of on-off valves and express your requirements upon protective measures against Design Accident Loads or point out your views upon their sitting location. In this article we review the industry practice and the respective requirements. Emergency […]