Consultancy

Fire outbreaks, overpressure events, and impact scenarios can inflict catastrophic harm on personnel, the environment, critical assets, and corporate reputation. At PID, we deliver an integrated protection strategy that goes beyond regulatory compliance — combining fire prevention, incident detection, active suppression, passive defense, and impact mitigation into a coherent, risk-based framework.

Our engineers implement cost-effective and technically sound solutions across the full spectrum of hazards — including jet fires, flash fires, flammable and toxic gas releases, explosion overpressures, and mechanical impacts such as dropped objects and ship collisions. We support this with the design and assessment of firewater networks, spray and deluge systems, foam systems, blast walls, fireproofing, and fire and gas detection mapping.

Each protection measure is tailored to credible scenarios identified through fire and explosion risk assessments (FERA), EERA, and TRIA studies — ensuring alignment between consequence modeling and physical safeguards. Whether addressing onshore facilities or offshore installations, PID brings together practical insight, standards-based design, and operational readiness to strengthen your facility’s protective envelope.

Our services include:

PID delivers authoritative technical safety services integrating design deliverables and analytical/simulation studies to reinforce safe facility design, operational readiness, and defensible decision-making. These services are embedded into the core of project execution — translating risk insights into concrete design decisions, specifications, and protective layouts.

Our methodology connects hazard identification, risk analysis, and engineered protections by evaluating the interplay between people, process, and plant. From early design through brownfield upgrades, we support clients with structured, scenario-based evaluations that improve risk posture and operational resilience.

These efforts to avoid assumption-driven strategies are grounded in real-world accident mechanisms, ensuring technical safeguards address credible initiating events and realistic failure conditions. Application of diverse risk assessment methodologies tailored to the specific nature of each hazard and operational context, keeps protective measures aligned with business objectives, operational needs, and regulatory compliance.

PID offers a diverse range of technical safety and safety assurance services, including:

• Hazardous area classification in accordance with IEC/ATEX and other international standards
• Escape simulation, route design and egress time evaluation
• Emergency system layout reviews (EER equipment, muster areas, TR access)
• Fire and gas detection coverage analysis and F&G mapping
• Safety equipment spacing and firefighting system layout verification
• Passive fire protection (PFP) layout and specification
• Blast wall and structural impact protection design integration
• Layout safety reviews incorporating congestion and ignition risk
• Emergency access/egress and equipment accessibility validation
• HVAC shutdown, pressurization, and smoke control strategy evaluation
• Integration of consequence analysis results (fire, explosion, gas dispersion) into facility layout
• Development of technical safety registers and action tracking matrices
• Compliance verification against project-specific and international safety design criteria
• Support for Safety Case development and regulatory interface
• Training Courses

Hazard identification stands as the foundational step in conducting an effective risk assessment. It focuses on the systematic recognition of potential hazards before they lead to unsafe conditions, operational disruptions or stressed critical design thresholds. At PID, we offer structured hazard identification services laying the groundwork for targeted safeguards and practical control measures, whether during design, operation, or modification phases. Our approach helps clients gain visibility into credible hazardous scenarios and initiating events to address potential risk gaps. Tailored to their sector, facility type, and lifecycle stage, this supports early-stage decisions that lead to meaningful risk reduction, prior to formal quantitative analyses.

Our methodologies align with leading industry frameworks, including ISO 17776, DNV-RP-H101, CCPS hazard evaluation procedures, and relevant guidance from the UK HSE and Energy Institute — ensuring consistency with internationally accepted standards.

Our services include:

• Preliminary hazard analysis (Pre-HA) for early design screening
• Initiating event identification and hazard register development
• Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA/FMECA)
• HAZID studies tailored to facility type and project phase
• Human error identification (HEI) and Task Analysis
• Action tracking registers
• Training courses

Electrical, electronic, and programmable electronic (E/E/PE) safety-related systems are critical components in managing risks at industrial facilities. PID takes a comprehensive approach, considering the entire lifecycle of these systems, from initial concept through design, commissioning, operation, and eventual decommissioning.

Our consultants apply a robust suit of industry-recognized techniques and globally accepted standards, such as IEC 61508, IEC 61511 and IEC 61513, to help ensure that safety-critical systems deliver the performance and reliability expected in real-world conditions. By addressing these systems holistically, across both technical assurance and operational practicality, we help our clients reduce risk, achieve compliance, and maintain confidence in their safety barriers.

Our services include:

• System specification and SRS development
• SIL assessment and verification
• Layers of protection analysis (LOPA)
• Functional safety gap assessments
• Safety lifecycle planning and documentation
• SIS, BPCS, and ESD systems interface management solutions
• Safety-critical elements (SCE) identification and performance standards development
• Alarm rationalization and integration with functional safety
• Proof test development and optimization
• Independent functional safety assessment and audit
• Design substantiation of safety requirements
• Training courses

Reliability, Availability, and Maintainability (RAM) modeling is a decision-support technique used to predict the performance of complex systems, identify critical vulnerabilities, and optimize asset uptime throughout the project and operational lifecycle. RAM analysis enables project teams to make informed data-driven decisions about configuration, redundancy, equipment selection, and maintenance strategies — long before failures occur.

At PID, we apply RAM techniques grounded in ISO 14224, IEC 61078, and industry-recognized data sources such as OREDA to model how systems behave under real-world conditions. By modeling component failures, repair strategies, and availability constraints, we help operators assess the trade-offs between capital investment, maintenance effort, and operational targets to develop strategies that enhance asset performance optimization, reduce lifecycle cost, and support uptime guarantees.

Our RAM models provide a transparent basis for evaluating performance assumptions, testing “what-if” scenarios, and supporting compliance with uptime guarantees and performance-based contracts. By applying RAM modeling early in the project lifecycle, we enable clients to enhance system reliability, reduce lifecycle cost, and increase operational confidence.

Our services include:

• Reliability data collection and statistical analysis
• Asset criticality analysis
• RAM modeling using reliability block diagrams (RBDs)
• System architecture optimization and redundancy evaluation
• Downtime analysis and production loss estimation
• Maintenance, inspection, and testing optimization
• Spare parts and repair resource strategy development
• Sensitivity analysis and “what-if” scenario modeling
• Performance standard development for critical equipment
• Training Courses

Deterministic risk assessments play a critical role in demonstrating the adequacy of safety systems and engineering decisions across a facility’s full lifecycle — from design and construction to operation and decommissioning. At PID, we conduct scenario-based evaluations to analyze potential accident sequences and verify that safety barriers are clearly defined, appropriately implemented, and proportionate to the level of hazard involved.

These studies ensure that no single failure can compromise essential safety functions, by applying principles of redundancy, segregation, independence, and diversity. We support engineering teams in validating design basis criteria, confirming operational safety limits, and ensuring alignment with project safety philosophies.

Our deterministic risk evaluations often underpin safety case development, risk management documentation, and regulatory compliance. When quantitative data is scarce — or when transparency of engineering judgment is paramount — qualitative methods such as ALARP demonstration, bowtie modeling, and structured risk matrices provide the necessary rigor and traceability.

Our services include:

• Scenario development and initiating event pathways
• Risk assessment matrix definition and qualitative risk ranking
• Scenario-based safeguard evaluation (Deterministic LOPA)
• Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) studies
• Functional segregation, redundancy, and independence assessment
• Bowtie modeling and barrier visualization
• Human Factor Engineering (HFE)
• Human-system interaction and task analysis
• Safety Critical Element (SCE) identification
• Emergency Systems Survivability Assessment (ESSA)
• Escape, Evacuation, and Rescue Analysis (EERA)
• ALARP demonstration and risk tolerance justification
• Risk reduction action tracking and closure management
• Training courses

At PID, we deliver high-integrity quantitative and probabilistic risk analyses to support our clients in understanding and managing risks throughout complex industrial environments. Going beyond qualitative screening, these studies quantify the severity and likelihood of hazardous events and provide a rigorous foundation for defensible decision-making.

Our quantitative risk analyses (QRA) estimate the risk by integrating validated consequence modeling, event frequencies, and vulnerability correlations. These are used to calculate individual and societal risk levels, fire and explosion risk contours, and fatality probability thresholds. Typical outputs are risk metrics that guide land use planning, building siting, and mitigation / escalation prevention strategies. We rely on industry-standard tools like DNV’s SAFETI aligned with best practices from CCPS, ISO 31010, and regional regulatory guidelines.

Our probabilistic risk assessments (PRA) provide a deeper system-level perspective, analyzing how combinations of equipment failures, human errors, and latent conditions could defeat critical safeguards. PRA involves techniques such as fault tree and event tree analysis, common cause failure modeling, and Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the reliability of safety systems. These methods are particularly relevant to high-integrity applications, including shutdown systems for deepwater wells, subsea isolation valves, and complex emergency response functions. Tools such as RiskSpectrum or custom reliability models are used depending on the system architecture.

Our services include:

• Full-scope quantitative risk assessment (QRA)
• Fire and explosion risk assessment (FERA)
• Occupied building risk assessment (OBRA)
• Temporary refuge impairment assessment (TRIA)
• Individual and societal risk contour mapping
• Frequency estimation of hazardous events (failure rate databases, historical data)
• Consequence modeling integration (fire, explosion, toxic dispersion, external objects impact energy)
• Escalation risk analysis for critical infrastructure
• Ship collision risk assessment
• Dropped object impact risk assessment
• Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PRA) using fault tree and event tree analysis
• Common cause failure modeling and dependency analysis
• Monte Carlo simulation for safety function reliability
• Scenario-specific risk ranking and tolerability evaluation
• Cost-benefit and ALARP justification for risk reduction measures
• Sensitivity analysis and uncertainty quantification
• Risk-informed decision support for layout, protection, and mitigation
• Compliance demonstration with regulatory risk criteria
• Training courses

While steady-state conditions dominate most design efforts in the process industry, real-world operations often involve transient states caused by startups, shutdowns, equipment trips, valve operations, or emergency conditions. These events can lead to rapid pressure fluctuations, flow instabilities, and damaging surge forces resulting in exceedance in design parameters posing serious risks to both equipment and operational continuity.

PID specializes in advanced transient analysis of liquid, gas, and two-phase systems, supporting safe and reliable process design. Using leading software platforms such as AFT Impulse and xStream, we simulate unsteady flow behavior across complex networks to identify vulnerabilities and recommend robust mitigation strategies.

Our analyses also generate transient hydraulic force data, which can directly be integrated into pipe stress models (e.g., Caesar II) to ensure mechanical integrity under dynamic loading conditions. This helps bridge the gap between process modeling and mechanical validation, enhancing system resilience.

Our services include:

• Surge and water hammer analysis in process and utility networks and transfer pipelines
• Transient simulations for startup, shutdown, trip, and control valve operations
• Modeling of compressible gas transients and blowdown behavior
• Cavitation, flashing, and vapor pocket formation assessments in dynamic flow conditions
• Transient force calculations for integration into pipe stress analysis tools such as Caesar II
• Evaluation and design of surge protection systems, including accumulators, relief devices, and surge tanks
• Header balancing and flow distribution diagnostics under variable demand scenarios
• Root cause analysis and troubleshooting of operational instabilities or pressure fluctuations
• Validation of pump and valve operating strategies under dynamic conditions
• Training courses

The uncontrolled release of hazardous materials can trigger a wide range of physical consequences — from toxic gas dispersion and radiant heat exposure to explosion overpressures, smoke propagation, and mechanical impacts. These outcomes pose serious threats to personnel, the environment, and facility integrity, and must be quantified to support sound engineering decisions.

At PID, we specialize in modeling the direct physical effects of hazardous scenarios using a range of proven techniques — from empirical correlations and semi-empirical algorithms to advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) when detailed insight is required. We simulate flammable and toxic dispersions, fire and radiation patterns, explosion overpressure profiles, smoke movement, surface oil slick evolution, and structural response to impact energy and heat exposure. Our capabilities extend to complex release scenarios such as well blowouts and subsea hydrocarbon discharges, where multiphase dispersion, delayed surface slick formation, and environmental consequences must be accurately assessed.

Our engineers use internationally recognized tools to provide a tailored, project-specific approach backed by rigorous physics and validated methods.

Our services include:

• Site-based surveys and data gathering
• Jet fire, pool fire, and flash fire radiation modeling
• BLEVE and fireball explosion simulation
• Escalation effect assessment (e.g., thermal impingement, domino scenarios)
• Explosion hazard modeling (deflagrations and confined VCE’s)
• Toxic and flammable gas dispersion modeling (dense and buoyant releases)
• Multiphase dispersion, delayed surface slick formation, and environmental impact assessment
• Smoke and soot propagation modeling in open and confined spaces
• Flare and vent radiation and dispersion studies
• Dropped object impact energy analysis and structural consequence modeling
• Ship collision consequence assessment and structural integrity checks
• Transient thermal and overpressure load development for DAL evaluations
• CFD-based modeling of complex flow, radiation, and dispersion phenomena
• FEA-based analysis of structural response to blast and thermal loads
• Risk reduction strategy development and consequence mitigation planning
• Training courses